DINEWSAURS: the latest discoveries from the paleontology world

New Finds

A few weeks ago, some interesting discoveries were recorded in the field of paleontology, especially regarding dinosaurs: a new Troodontid from China, a new Ceratopsid from the United States, while from the United Kingdom, not one, not two, but three new theropod dinosaurs have been described, two of which have gained great popularity.

Papiliovenator

China never stops surprising us with interesting and often well-preserved dinosaurs, and the discovery of the new Troodontid called Papiliovenator neimengguensis has revealed important details about the diversity of this particular group of Maniraptorans. The holotype is composed of the skeleton of a subadult with an almost complete skull and other postcranial bones. Its snout was rather short and resembled that of other lower Cretaceous basal Troodontids such as Mei long, but Papiliovenator lived in the Upper Cretaceous, between 83 and 72 million years ago, and forms of Troodontids from that period have mostly smaller elongated snouts, showing that in the late Cretaceous the morphological diversity of these theropods was higher than it was previously thought.

Sierraceratops turneri

This Ceratopsian is actually not that new; in fact, its remains were excavated many years ago, but having never been studied in detail, they were provisionally classified as belonging to the genus Torosaurus. With the paper released a few weeks ago, we now know that in reality, these remains, which include some parts of the skull and skeleton, belonged to a distinct genus, named Sierraceratops turneri, and its length has been estimated at about 4.5 meters with a skull about 2 m. The fossils show that its horns were rather short but more robust than those of its closest relatives such as Bravoceratops and Coahuilaceratops. Sierraceratops was found in New Mexico, in the Hall Lake Formation, and its remains date back to the late Cretaceous, between the Campanian and Maastrichtian, a few million years before the end of the Cretaceous, and would have coexisted with Alamosaurus and an undetermined tyrannosaurid.

Pendraig milnerae

Coming from South Wales, this new basal theropod is the oldest one ever found in the UK, and lived in the Upper Triassic, between 215 and 205 million years ago. The holotype made up of parts of the pelvis such as pubis, ischium, and some vertebrae, was discovered in 1952 but was lost among the thousands of remains in the Natural History Museum in London until it was found by palaeontologists Angela Milner and Susannah Maidment. The name Pendraig is inspired by the famous English leader Arthur Pendragon (known as King Arthur), while milnerae is a tribute to Angela Milner, who sadly passed away recently. With an estimated length of 1 meter, it is possible that this dinosaur, currently classified as a Coelophysoid, was an example of island dwarfism since the habitat in which it lived was made up of various islands.

Ceratosuchops inferodios and Riparovenator milnerae

Last but certainly not least, one of the most popular discoveries in recent weeks is that of not one but two new Spinosaurs, which come from the United Kingdom as well. Although their remains are rather fragmentary, they possess a number of characteristics that distinguish them from any other known Spinosaurus, and more precisely, these two new members are Barionichinae, and must have been similar to Baryonyx or Suchomimus rather than Spinosaurus or Irritator. Ceratosuchops means “crocodile horned snout”, while inferodios means “hell heron”. Riparovenator instead means “hunter of the banks” and he too was nicknamed milnerae, again as a tribute to the English palaeontologist, who in 1983 described an iconic relative of these two theropods, the famous Baryonyx walkeri. The study also showed that these two spinosaurs coexisted at the same time and in the same place, which means they were likely to occupy different niches to avoid competition. These two new additions represent an important piece of the evolutionary history of these bizarre theropods.

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